Product Description
Facial muscular anatomy has recently gained increased attention, with new investigative methodologies and new injection techniques arising on the market. These recent advancements have increased our understanding about the functional anatomy of facial muscles and have changed the way health care professionals see and understand their interplay during various facial expressions and in determining facial shape. This new anatomical understanding of facial muscles and their interaction has resulted in superior neuromodulator treatment outcomes with fewer side effects and with increased precision. The latter is of greatest importance, as all facial muscles act as a unit and connect with each other. It is therefore paramount to target during neuromodulator treatments only the muscle responsible for the aesthetic effect desired and not other adjacent muscles, which can have different or even antagonistic effects. Conventional anatomy was previously limited to two-dimensional explanations of muscle locations without incorporating their detailed action or their three-dimensional location of extent. The “new” anatomy incorporates those novel concepts and, once understood, will help health care providers to understand better and to “read” the underlying muscular anatomy based on the wrinkle status and based on the change in skin surface landmarks based on the actions of the underlying musculature. The following article summarizes tips and tricks, pearls and pitfalls, and dos and don’ts during facial neuromodulator injections along with a guide toward adverse event management and patient outcome assessment with special focus on the underlying anatomy.
FacultyArthur Swift, M.D.; Jeremy B. Green, M.D.; Claudia A. Hernandez, M.D.; Shino Bay Aguilera, D.O.; Steven Fagien, M.D.; Michael H. Gold, M.D.; Gabriela Casabona, M.D.; Konstantin Frank, M.D.; Andreas Nikolis, M.D.; Sebastian Cotofana, M.D., Ph.D.
Intended Audience
This educational activity is intended for plastic surgery practitioners, residents, and other healthcare professionals interested in translating expanded knowledge into practice for the improvement of patient outcomes in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery®Editors:
Editor-in-Chief: Kevin Chung, MD
Co-Editor: Amy Colwell, MD
Section Editors: John Y.S. Kim, MD
After viewing this course, the participant should be able to:
- Recognize facial muscle contraction direction and muscle morphology based on skin surface movements and facial rhytides.
- Classify different muscle contraction patterns and target respectively with the recommended dosage and injection technique.
- Apply the presented injection techniques to the patients’ individual anatomy with greater precision and without affecting adjacent muscles or causing other adverse events.
Accreditation
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
Designation Statement
The ASPS designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Disclosure Policy
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) requires all faculty, authors, planners, reviewers, managers, staff and other individuals in a position to control or influence the content of an activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships or affiliations. All identified conflicts of interest must be resolved and the educational content thoroughly vetted by ASPS for fair balance, scientific objectivity and appropriateness of patient care recommendations. The ASPS also requires faculty/authors to disclose when off-label/unapproved uses of a product are discussed in a CME activity or included in related materials.
Disclaimer: All relevant financial relationships for planners, faculty, and others in control of content (either individually or as a group) are reviewed by the ASPS Continuing Education Committee and have been mitigated, if applicable.
The following planners/faculty members/reviewers have no relevant financial relationships or affiliations to disclose:
Arthur Swift, M.D.; Jeremy B. Green, M.D.; Claudia A. Hernandez, M.D.; Shino Bay Aguilera, D.O.; Steven Fagien, M.D.; Michael H. Gold, M.D.; Gabriela Casabona, M.D.; Konstantin Frank, M.D.; Andreas Nikolis, M.D.; Sebastian Cotofana, M.D., Ph.D.
AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM: 1.0
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Product Code: 33952